Abstract

Overview

The measurement and application of electromagnetic exposure are becoming increasingly critical in the context of future wireless communication systems. This trend is driven by the rapid multiplication of wireless devices and concerns about electromagnetic fields (EMF) among the general public.

Findings

• The next generation of wireless systems will potentially increase EMF exposure due to denser network access points and the proliferation of internet of things (IoT) devices.
• This paper reviews the potential health impacts of EMF exposure, including the risk of brain tumors and effects on other body parts like the eyes, particularly with emerging technologies such as mmWave and massive-MIMO/beamforming.
• Existing and novel evaluation frameworks for EMF exposure are discussed, emphasizing the need for updated metrics that reflect true exposure levels over large areas and individual experiences.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessment, management, and mitigation strategies in the use of current and future wireless technologies. Concerns continue regarding brain tumors and other health impacts, meriting further research and updated exposure guidelines that account for the duration and intensity of exposure. Prospects in 5G technologies offer both challenges and opportunities for managing EMF exposure effectively.