Abstract

Overview

Uncertainty is a significant issue in risk assessment, affecting the effectiveness of risk communications. The study investigates the impact of communicating uncertainties in the context of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on various outcomes.

Findings

• Hazard Identification: Qualitative uncertainty descriptions reduce confidence in the assessors' competencies.
• Risk Characterization: Quantitative uncertainty descriptions do not impact risk perception or other dependent variables.
• Risk Protection: Qualitative uncertainty information does not alter trust in exposure limit values but can amplify fears regarding the adequacy of protection when explained.

Conclusion

Informing about uncertainties can be a "double-edged sword". While it could potentially reduce trust in risk management and science, especially if used by skeptics or for political agendas, it is crucial also to communicate the limits of knowledge. Recommendations include a more nuanced approach to reporting uncertainties and considering cognitive and contextual factors affecting recipients’ interpretation.

Further research should explore how cognitive resources, motivations, and prior beliefs impact the interpretation of uncertainty in risk assessments.