Abstract

Overview

With Wi-Fi usage prevalent, concerns about radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) and its effects on the environment and health are increasing. This systematic review particularly focuses on how RF-EMR from Wi-Fi transmitters affects male reproductive health.

Findings

• A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria of this review, encompassing research on rats, mice, and humans.
• Critical areas affected by RF-EMR include sperm count, motility, and DNA integrity.
• Evidence also points to degenerative changes in testes, lower testosterone levels, increased apoptotic cells, and DNA damage, aligning with increased testicular temperature and oxidative stress.

Conclusion

Exposure to 2.45 GHz RF-EMR from Wi-Fi transmitters poses significant risks to male reproductive functions, highlighting the need for more careful and regulated use of such technology.