Abstract

Abstract Summary

Overview

WiFi, while contributing minimally to total radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, has sparked debates concerning its health implications. This review aims to assess all study types examining biological and health repercussions of WiFi exposure, adhering to essential quality standards.

Methodology

• Includes epidemiological, human experimental, in vivo, and in vitro studies with realistic WiFi exposure scenarios.
• Systematic literature review from January 1997 to August 2020 with a focus on study quality, blinding, dosimetry, and bias addressment.
• A total of 1385 articles were identified, with 23 meeting the quality criteria.

Findings

Study types varied, encompassing:

• 6 epidemiological papers
• 6 human experimental articles
• 9 in vivo articles
• 2 in vitro articles

Exposure levels in in vivo and in vitro studies reached up to 4 W/kg, well above typical environmental WiFi exposure but below regulatory limits. Human studies observed significantly lower exposure levels.

Most outcomes, ranging from biological markers to symptoms, showed no association with WiFi exposure. A few inconsistent findings did not display regular patterns in outcomes or exposure-response relations.

Conclusion

Our thorough review suggests that WiFi exposure below regulatory limits does not indicate detrimental health effects, based on the consistency and quality of the data reviewed. However, the presence of sporadic inconsistent findings suggests a need for further focused research on potential links between WiFi exposure and health risks.