Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the impact of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from 5G networks on western honey bees (Apis mellifera). It raises concerns about how smaller wavelengths influence absorption in bees and antenna performance.

Findings

• The study utilizes finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations with a bee model created from micro-CT scans.
• Findings indicate a significant increase in absorbed power by the bee in near field conditions, which can be up to 53 times higher at 240 GHz compared to 6 GHz.
• Additionally, antenna radiation efficiency decreases and gain pattern alterations occur when a bee is in close proximity.

Conclusion

The research highlights a concerning increase in RF-EMF absorption in western honey bees due to higher frequencies used in 5G technology. It establishes a foundational concern about environmental health risks associated with evolving wireless network technologies.

Future Directions

Further research directions include experimental validations of the simulations, interactions between bees and phased array antennas, and assessment of thermal increases due to RF-EMF exposure.