Electromagnetic fields in neonatal incubators: the reasons for an alert

Authors: Bellieni CV, Nardi V, Buonocore G, Di Fabio S, Pinto I, Verrotti A

Year: 2017 Oct 8

Category: Neonatology, Health Physics

Journal: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med

DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1390559

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28988507

Abstract

Overview

Neonatal incubators are crucial for the care of sick newborns during their initial days. However, the close proximity of the incubator's electric engine to the newborn has raised concerns due to the emission of electromagnetic fields (EMF).

Objective

This study aims to synthesize available literature regarding EMF exposure in neonatal incubators and its potential effects on newborns.

Methods

  • A systematic review of EMF emissions from incubators was conducted using data spanning from 1993 to 2017, sourced from Medline and Embase databases.

Findings

  • The study identified 15 papers detailing EMF levels in incubators and their biological effects on infants.
  • Notable findings include EMF levels ranging between 2 to 100 milligauss (mG), influenced by the distance between the mattress and the electric engine.
  • At certain proximity, the EMF levels can exceed 100 mG, impacting melatonin production and vagal tone in newborns. Additionally, caregivers are also at risk with EMF exposure over 200 mG when near the incubators.

Conclusion

EMFs have been identified as potential hazards to both human health and development. The findings act as a critical alert for both baby and caregiver exposure risks. Emphasis is placed on adopting precautionary measures in future incubator designs to reduce high exposure levels.

EMF neonatal incubators health risks electromagnetic fields newborn care systematic review
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