Abstract

Overview

The pivotal role of the p38 MAPK signaling cascade in the RAW 264.7 macrophages' stress response to low-intensity centimeter microwaves was explored in this study.

Findings

• Enhanced Cytokine Production: Exposure resulted in elevated levels of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10.
• Activation of Signaling Cascades: Significant activation was observed in NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling cascades along with increased expression of the Hsp72 heat shock protein.
• Impact of p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitor: When the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor XI was applied, it mitigated the stimulating effects of electromagnetic waves either completely (NF-κB and Hsp72) or partially (p38 MAPK and cytokines).

Conclusion

The findings underscore a significant sensitivity of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to the impacts of low-intensity electromagnetic fields, highlighting potential health risks associated with electromagnetic exposure in biological systems.