DNA damage from long-term occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields among power plant workers

Abstract

Overview

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), though not classified as definitive occupational carcinogens, have been under investigation for genotoxic impacts on cellular models. This study explores the potential DNA damage from long-term exposure to ELF-EMFs among power plant workers.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted, including blood samples from 102 exposed thermal power plant workers and 136 unexposed individuals. DNA damage assessment used methods such as the alkaline comet assay and flow cytometry, alongside ELF-EMF exposure measurements according to the IEEE Std C95.3.1.

Findings

• The comet assay results—tail DNA percent, tail factor, and damage index—were significantly higher in the exposure group versus the unexposed group.
• Increased exposure to magnetic fields correlated with heightened comet assay indices. However, exposure to electric fields showed no significant effects.
• Cellular analysis revealed that exposure levels influenced the phases of early and late apoptosis, indicating increased DNA damage and cellular decay.

Conclusion

The study concludes that prolonged occupational exposure to ELF-EMFs can likely lead to genotoxic effects, underlining the importance of monitoring and preventive strategies in occupational health safety for power plant workers exposed to such fields.