Empirical and Modeling Approach for Environmental Indoor RF-EMF Assessment in Complex High-Node Density Scenarios: Public Shopping Malls Case Study

Authors: Mikel Celaya-Echarri, Leyre Azpilicueta, Victoria Ramos, Peio Lopez-Iturri, Francisco Falcone

Year: 03/22/2021

Category: Environmental Science

Journal: IEEE Access

Institution: IEEE Access

DOI: 9382976

URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9382976

Abstract

Overview

This comprehensive study adopts both empirical and modeling methodologies to assess the radiation exposure from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in high-node user density environments, specifically public shopping malls. The focus is on a multifaceted analysis involving current wireless communications ranging from 2G to 5G and Wi-Fi capabilities.

Methodology and Findings

  • A thorough empirical dataset was created via a global measurement campaign using frequency-selective exposimeters.
  • Detailed statistical analysis and simulations provided insights into spatial E-field characterization and probability distributions.
  • The measurements and simulations consistently showed exposure levels significantly below international safety standards.
  • Comparative discussions address the ongoing compliance with various RF-EMF safety standards from different countries.

Health Implications and Future Directions

Discussion in the study calls attention to the potential health risks despite compliance with current standards. There is a noted emphasis on the necessity of continued research into the effects of newer technologies, especially given the advent of emerging 5G technologies. The proposed RF-EMF safety simulation technique shows promising capabilities for future assessments in more complex settings.

RF-EMF indoor radiation public health simulation wireless communication 5G safety standards
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