Health impact of 5G: Current state of knowledge of 5G-related carcinogenic and reproductive/developmental hazards as they emerge from epidemiological studies and in vivo experimental studies

Abstract

Overview

The deployment of 5G technology involves significant advancements such as faster mobile broadband speeds and more extensive mobile data usage. These include a new transmission system, directional signal transmission, and expanded frequency ranges.

Environmental Impacts

Expected changes related to human and environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) with pioneering frequencies identified at 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz, and 26 GHz, the latter being under-studied for correlating health effects.

Findings

• Carcinogenic and Reproductive Risks: Sufficient evidence points to carcinogenic risks and reproductive/developmental adverse effects in lower frequencies (700 and 3,600 MHz) used in 5G, consistent with earlier generation technologies.
• Higher Frequency Risks: For higher frequencies (24.25 to 27.5 GHz), studies are inadequate, leaving potential health risks understudied and unknown.

Conclusion

Significant findings suggest probable carcinogenic and reproductive/developmental risks associated with lower 5G frequencies, while higher frequencies remain without adequate studies, posing an indeterminate risk.