Abstract

Overview

The deployment of 5G networks is expanding rapidly, offering numerous benefits but also causing public concerns regarding Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure. This study explores human exposure scenarios related to mobile phone antennas in 5G networks, emphasizing the proximity of these devices to users.

Findings

• The research utilizes advanced computational methods and considers various skin models to assess RF-EMF exposure.
• A key component of the study is the usage of a phased-array antenna structured around 5G-specific technological enhancements such as mm-wave spectrum and beamforming capabilities.
• Simulations indicate that multilayer skin models predict higher absorbed power densities compared to homogeneous models, suggesting potential underestimation of exposure in simpler models.
• Interestingly, individuals near the mobile phone user may experience slightly higher exposure levels than the user themselves.

Conclusion

The findings underline the necessity of using detailed, multilayer skin models over simpler ones to avoid underestimating exposure risks. The study calls for further efforts to assess not only direct users but also bystanders' exposure. Compliance with ICNIRP guidelines was maintained across all simulations, ensuring observed exposure levels are within safe limits. The research advocates for ongoing evaluation of the skin models used and the impact of 5G antenna beamforming on exposure scenarios.