Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands

Abstract

Overview

As 5th generation (5G) mobile networks are developed, different age groups will be exposed to the higher end of the microwave spectrum. This study focuses on the age-dependent deposition of electromagnetic power and the consequent heating in near-surface tissues.

Findings

• Exposure assessments at 26 GHz and 60 GHz frequencies were conducted using a near-surface tissue model exposed to a plane wave.
• Age-related differences in skin thickness and electromagnetic properties of tissues were accounted for, as well as the decrease rate of blood flow.
• The study found that variations in power density, specific absorption rate (SAR), and heating near the surface are generally limited to 10-15%.
• Interestingly, while the transmitted power density increases with age, the peak SAR decreases at both measured frequencies.
• Peak steady-state heating from 5 to 70 years old increases about 11% at 26 GHz and 13% at 60 GHz, showing a clear trend of increasing thermal effect with age.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the electromagnetic field exposure at 5G frequencies can lead to age-dependent variations in heating of near-surface tissues, which could potentially influence health outcomes. Special attention should be given to the elderly due to increased heating effects.