Abstract

Overview

This study examines the acute effects of 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwave exposure on spatial memory and related biochemical pathways in male Wistar rats.

Findings

• 120 male Wistar rats were divided into control, single-frequency exposure, and dual-frequency exposure groups.
• Exposure resulted in decreased spatial memory, altered EEG patterns, structural brain injuries, and downregulation of key proteins such as p-AKT, p-CaMKII, p-ERK, and p-CREB.
• Significant differences were observed between the groups exposed to different frequencies, indicating frequency-dependent biological effects.
• Interaction effects between 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves suggest more complex biological impacts than previously considered.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of considering specific frequencies when setting safety standards for microwave exposure, as different frequencies impact biological systems differently and may increase health risks associated with electromagnetic field exposure.