Sulforaphane Effects on Neuronal-like Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation

Authors: Bertuccio MP, Saija C, Acri G, Ientile R, Caccamo D, Curr� M

Year: 2024 Jul 18

Category: Cellular Biology

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147872

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/14/7872

Abstract

Overview

Exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR), commonly emitted from widely used devices, is increasingly recognized for its potential to induce oxidative stress in various biological models. This study investigates whether sulforaphane, a well-documented natural compound, can prevent toxic effects associated with 24-hour EMR exposure in SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods

  • Cells were subjected to 24-hour EMR exposure, with and without sulforaphane (5, 10, 25 μg/mL).
  • Endpoints measured included cell viability, mitochondrial activity, redox marker mRNA and protein levels, and apoptosis gene expression.

Findings

  • EMR exposure significantly reduced cell viability in both cell types.
  • 5 μg/mL sulforaphane provided notable protection against this reduction.
  • Sulforaphane at this dose reduced ROS production, restored mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and improved NAD+/NADH ratio.
  • Higher sulforaphane concentrations exhibited detrimental effects, indicating a hormetic response.
  • Altered expression of genes coding for Nrf2, SOD2, and apoptosis-related markers further highlighted the biological impact of both EMR and sulforaphane.

Conclusion

This study underscores the vulnerability of neuronal-like cells to 2.45 GHz EMR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Importantly, sulforaphane supplementation at specific concentrations can reduce these harmful effects. The findings highlight a direct connection between EMR exposure and cellular health risks, and support ongoing investigation into dietary or pharmacological interventions for EMF safety.

To date, there have been no other reports assessing sulforaphane's effects on these cell types under 2.45 GHz EMR exposure.

electromagnetic fields 2.45 GHz oxidative stress sulforaphane neuronal-like cells PBMCs mitochondrial dysfunction
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