Biological effects of exposure to static electric fields in humans and vertebrates: a systematic review

Abstract

Overview

The operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines, which are preferred for transporting large amounts of energy over long distances, leads to the production of static electric fields (EF). This systematic review aims to update and evaluate the current research on the biological effects of static EF on humans and vertebrates.

Methodology

Following the PRISMA guidelines, this review analyzes both experimental and epidemiological studies focusing on the biological impacts of static EF exposure on humans and animals.

Findings

• Humans and animals can perceive static EF at high levels, primarily due to the electrostatic forces causing hair movements.
• Various animal studies have observed changes in metabolic, immunologic, and developmental parameters, suggesting these are likely secondary physiological responses to sensory stimulation.
• Quality concerns and potential confounding factors exist in many studies reporting physiological responses.

Conclusion

Despite extensive research, the reviewed literature does not support the presence of adverse biological effects from static EF exposure in either humans or animals. The analysis underscores sensory stimulation as the primary perception mechanism of static fields. Future investigations should further explore the thresholds for human detection and the potential annoyance caused at these levels.