Rats exposed to 2.45 GHz of non-ionizing radiation exhibit behavioral changes with increased brain expression of apoptotic caspase 3

Abstract

Overview

In recent years, the global usage of Wi-Fi and mobile devices, which operate at 2.4 GHz frequencies, has surged significantly. This study investigates how exposure to 2.45 GHz radiation for four hours daily over a period of 45 days affects behavioral traits and oxidative stress parameters in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Findings

• Behavioral assessments for anxiety, learning, and memory commenced on day 38, revealing that rats exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation displayed memory decline and exhibited anxiety behaviors.
• Tests conducted included the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and light dark box test.
• Oxidative stress analysis showed a decrease in brain enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase and catalase, alongside a reduction in glutathione levels.
• Increased lipid peroxidation levels in the brain indicated compromised antioxidant defenses.
• Significant upregulation of the apoptotic marker caspase 3 was observed in the radiation-exposed group compared to the control.
• Neuronal dendritic arborization assessments indicated changes in dendritic structure, implicating impaired neuronal signaling.

Conclusion

The research conclusively demonstrates that prolonged exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation is potentially harmful to the brain, particularly affecting memory, learning, and anxiety levels in rats. This research reinforces the need for caution in the extensive use of devices emitting electromagnetic fields.