Abstract

Overview

As the prevalence of mobile phone use continues to surge, substantial interest has arisen regarding how radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) impacts human health and biology. This study focuses on the RF-EMR's effects, particularly its ability to induce stress at the cellular level in reproductive tissues.

Findings

• Exposure to continuous wave RF-EMR at 1.8 GHz and intensities of 0.15 and 1.5 W/kg was conducted on mouse spermatogonial GC1 and spermatocyte GC2 cell lines and cauda epididymal spermatozoa.
• A four-hour exposure led to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, pinpointing Complex III of the electron transport chain as a key electron contributor.
• Although the reactive oxygen species generation after RF-EMR exposure was notable, it did not consistently lead to a significant oxidative stress response when assessed with antioxidant control and lipid peroxidation measurements.
• Significant DNA fragmentation and oxidative DNA damage were observed in spermatozoa following RF-EMR exposure, with concurrent decline in sperm motility.

Conclusion

This rigorous investigation highlights a potential mechanism through which RF-EMR can affect biological systems, particularly emphasizing the role of mitochondrial Complex III. These results underline the possible risks posed by RF-EMR on reproductive health, necessitating cautious application and further research.