Abstract

Overview

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women. The analysis integrates data from a diverse range of studies gathered from several recognized medical databases.

Methodology

• A comprehensive search of studies published up to August 2021 was performed across databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.
• The search terms included: electromagnetic field, mobile phones, TV, internet, and various terms related to miscarriage.
• The study includes all case–control and cohort studies on EMF exposure’s effects on miscarriage risk, using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2.0).
• A total of 982 initially relevant studies were identified, with six meeting the inclusion for meta-analysis.

Findings

The meta-analysis, using a random-effects model, found significant effects of EMF exposure on miscarriage risk, with a rate ratio (RR) of 1.699 (95% CI: 1.121, 2.363, P < 0.001) indicating a substantial increase in miscarriage rates among exposed women.

Heterogeneity among studies was high (I2 = 84.55%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pregnant women exposed to high levels of EMF have an increased risk of miscarriage. The study underscores the need for heightened awareness and potentially revised guidelines on EMF exposure during pregnancy.