Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two marine fishes

Authors: Xu P, Wang B, Wang Z, Jin R, Ahmad M, Shang Y, Hu M, Chen F, Khalil MF, Huang W, Wang Y

Year: 2025 Feb 7

Category: Marine Biology, Environmental Health

Journal: Marine Pollution Bulletin

DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117633

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39921984/

Abstract

Overview

With the widespread promotion of wind power, its potential ecological impacts on marine ecosystems have raised concerns, with electromagnetic radiation identified as a significant factor. Although electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have varying effects on marine organisms, there is limited knowledge regarding their impact on commercially important fish species.

Study Design

  • Examined the toxicity differences between two species: large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii).
  • Exposed fish to magnetic field strengths of 0mT, 0.5mT, 1.0mT, 1.5mT, and 2.0mT.

Findings

  • At 1.5mT and 2.0mT, swimming velocity in both species decreased.
  • Antioxidant enzymes showed a protective function in response to EMF exposure.
  • At 2.0mT, A. schlegelii had a higher stress response and both fishes’ immune systems were activated.
  • Both species were more sensitive to electromagnetic intensities below 2.0mT.
  • No significant effect on nutrient absorption was observed.
  • After recovery, affected physiological markers indicated reversibility.

Conclusion

This experiment provides valuable data for early warning systems and preventive measures to reduce potential threats from offshore wind farm electromagnetic radiation on marine life. There is a clear connection between EMF exposure and physiological and behavioral changes in marine fish, reinforcing the need for proactive EMF safety and environmental regulations.

electromagnetic fields offshore wind power marine fish physiology behavior environmental impact marine pollution
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