The effect on rat peripheral nerve morphology and function of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field applied in the prenatal period

Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the effects of a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) applied during the prenatal period on rat peripheral nerve morphology, nerve conduction velocity, and locomotor activity. Nine pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups:

• Control group: No procedure was applied.
• Sham group: Placed in an EMF cage for 1 hour daily but not exposed to EMF.
• EMF group: Exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour daily throughout pregnancy (days 1-21).

No further procedures were done on the offspring until postnatal (PN) day 21. Subsequent groups were formed for assessment, and all groups underwent open field and rotarod tests on PN days 21 and 60, followed by electrophysiological studies.

Findings

• Sciatic nerves from animals sacrificed on PN day 60 were analyzed using histopathological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and biochemical techniques.
• Results demonstrated that prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure adversely affected rat peripheral nerve development.
• These morphological effects persisted into adulthood and were detectible in the sciatic nerve structure.
• However, these changes were not severe enough to significantly impact functional outcomes related to the sciatic nerve, according to the measurements used.

Conclusion

The study underscores a connection between prenatal EMF exposure and rat peripheral nerve morphological alterations, which persist long-term even if not profoundly affecting function. Context is provided on the increasing prevalence of EMF-emitting devices such as cell phones, including during standby mode, and the vital importance of understanding potential nerve-related risks—especially regarding Schwann cell function and nerve development. The findings strongly support the need for further research into the long-term impacts of EMF exposure, especially during crucial developmental periods.