Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success

Abstract

Overview

Mobile phones are prevalent worldwide, establishing direct connections with broadcast towers and exposing the environment to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). This study investigates the effects of RF-EMF on the vital developmental stages of honey bee queens.

Exposure Details

• Exposure: GSM band at 900 MHz from a common mobile phone device.
• Duration: 14 days continuous exposure during all pre-adult stages including pupation.

Findings

• Significant reduction in the hatching ratio of queen bees post exposure.
• Surviving queens could mate successfully and establish full colonies.
• No long-term colony losses or acute negative effects directly linked to RF-EMF exposure.

Conclusion

While harmful effects on queen development were observed, no immediate severe impacts on bee health or colony sustainability were recorded under the study's specific conditions. Nonetheless, considering a potentially chronic exposure at sublethal levels, particularly in urban environments, further long-term studies are essential for a comprehensive risk assessment.