Review on the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants
Abstract
Overview
The aim of this review is to assess the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants. Rapid progress in networking and communication systems has introduced frequency- and amplitude-modulated technologies to the world with higher allowed bands and greater speed by using high-powered radio generators, which facilitate high definition connectivity, rapid transfer of larger data files, and quick multiple accesses.
- These advancements cause frequent exposure of cellular radiation to the biological world from numerous sources.
- Key factors like a range of frequencies, time durations, power densities, and electric fields were found to have differential impacts on the growth and development of green plants.
Findings
- Morphological characteristics of plants, such as overall growth, canopy density, and pigmentation, are affected by cellular radiation.
- Physiological changes include alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane potential.
- Cellular radiation leads to elevated oxidative status, macromolecular damage, and lipid peroxidation.
- Chromosomal effects include micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, and increased mitotic indexes.
- Transcription factors are often overexpressed due to cellular radiation, indicating molecular-level effects.
Conclusion
Cellular radiation affects plant seed germination, physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. While some effects have been shown to be positive, there is clear evidence for a range of negative impacts such as heating stress and electric field-induced changes. There remain controversies and gaps in explaining positive impacts and the specifics of exposure conditions (such as frequency, power, and SAR value). Limited research exists on wild plants, molecular changes, ion transport, and tissue behavior. Due to the increasing usage of technology and heightened exposure potential, vast research is needed to prevent further hazards related to electromagnetic fields and cell phone radiation affecting plant life.