Abstract

Study Summary

Overview

The study explores the potential health risks associated with radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposures from mobile phone use in children, particularly focusing on its influence on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. It uniquely considers the interaction between mobile phone exposure and lead levels in the blood.

Methodology

• A cohort of 2,422 children from 27 elementary schools across 10 Korean cities was followed over a period of two years.
• Data collection involved questionnaires administered to parents or guardians, covering the children's mobile phone usage, ADHD symptoms (assessed using the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale), and various socio-demographic factors.
• Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression to estimate the risk of ADHD symptoms at two time points, and a generalized estimating equation model to consider repeatedly measured variables over the two years.

Findings

The findings highlighted an increased risk of ADHD symptoms associated with mobile phone use for voice calls in children who were also exposed to higher levels of lead in their blood.

Conclusion

This study presents evidence of a potential health risk from combined exposure to lead and RF-EMF from mobile phones, suggesting a need for cautious use of mobile phones in children to mitigate ADHD risks, particularly in those exposed to significant environmental lead.