Abstract

Overview of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain tumour in adults, carries poor survival rates despite the existing multimodal treatments involving surgery and chemoradiotherapy. The introduction of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) offers a promising improvement by implementing alternating electrical fields to enhance patient survival in newly diagnosed and recurrent cases.

Findings on TTFields

• TTFields are a non-invasive anticancer modality employing low-intensity (1-3 V/cm), intermediate-frequency (100-300 kHz) electric fields.
• These fields are delivered through cutaneous transducer arrays, tailored for optimal tumour-site coverage.
• Initially found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by disrupting the mitotic apparatus, TTFields have now been recognized to affect a variety of biological processes including DNA repair, cell permeability, and immunological responses.

Advances and Future Directions

The review encapsulates the progression in our understanding of TTFields' mechanisms and discusses the landscape of clinical trials exploring TTFields' application across different cancers. It also reflects on how emerging preclinical data can guide future clinical uses of this therapy.