Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Protection from Magnetic Field Exposure During Pregnancy: An Experimental Rat Study

Abstract

Overview

This study explores the protective capabilities of Omega-3 fatty acids against the hazardous impacts of magnetic field (MF) exposure during pregnancy, utilizing a controlled experimental rat model.

Study Design

• Sample: 30 Pregnant Wistar Albino rats divided into three groups.
• Exposure: Group 1 (sham), Group 2 (exposed to 20 μT for 1 h/day for 10 days), and Group 3 (exposed to 20 μT for 4 h/day for 10 days).
• Assessment: Monitoring of adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and fetal neural degeneration (FND) through blood samples and microscopic examinations.

Findings

• Increase in neurodegeneration in rats exposed to long-duration MFs compared to those exposed for shorter durations (p<0.05).
• Significant variations in ADA and TSH levels in exposed groups compared to controls (p<0.05).
• Beneficial effects of omega-3 on myelin degeneration in MF-exposed rats, particularly for shorter exposure periods (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Both short-term and long-term MF exposure increased ADA and TSH levels, with long-term exposure particularly exacerbating FND. Omega-3 fatty acids demonstrated a protective effect against MF-induced FND but were primarily effective against short-term exposures.