Associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and cognitive function in the Normative Aging study

Authors: Liddie JM, Vieira CLZ, Coull BA, Sparrow D, Koutrakis P, Weisskopf MG

Year: 2024 Apr 16

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Environ Int

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108666

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024002526?via%3Dihub

Abstract

Overview

This study examines the effects of changes in solar and geomagnetic activity (SGA) on cognitive function in the elderly, utilizing data from the Normative Aging Study spanning from 1992 to 2013. Previous research has shown that SGA can influence melatonin secretion and the autonomic nervous system.

Methods

  • Logistic and linear generalized estimating equations and regressions were used.
  • Primary exposures: Sunspot number (SSN) and Kp index as measures of SGA.
  • Outcomes: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and six other cognitive tests, analyzed both as individual measures and as a global composite score.

Findings

  • A one-interquartile range (IQR) increase in same-day SSN and Kp index was linked to a 17% (95% CI: 3%, 34%) and 19% (95% CI: 4%, 36%) rise in odds of a low MMSE score.
  • Small increases in global cognitive score were observed with higher SSN, but decreases occurred in the backwards digit span test.

Conclusion

Periods of elevated solar and geomagnetic activity are associated with cognitive function, though not all aspects of cognition are equally affected. Notably, there are clear connections between these electromagnetic fields and certain types of cognitive decline. More targeted research, particularly longitudinal studies, is needed to further clarify these links and their implications for the elderly, given the significant unexplained pathology in cognitive decline.

solar activity geomagnetic fields cognitive function aging electromagnetic fields MMSE epidemiology
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