Risk to pollinators from anthropogenic electro-magnetic radiation (EMR): Evidence and knowledge gaps

Abstract

Overview

With the rising urbanisation and the ubiquitous adoption of mobile and wireless technologies such as 5G and the Internet of Things, there’s an increasing spread of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Amid concerns, there are various calls to recognize the potential risks EMR poses to human health and wildlife, including pollinators.

Findings

• Pollinators are crucial for the balance of ecosystems and human benefit, yet they face numerous threats from human activities.
• The study evaluates how artificial light at night (ALAN) and anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (AREMR) are emerging threats to pollinators.
• The research reveals mixed evidence; some studies indicate that ALAN might disrupt pollinator communities and activities, while lab tests show that insects like honey bees might detect EMR, using it for navigation.
• However, the effects of AREMR on insect behavior in natural ecosystems and their diversity remain partially understudied, with limited robust scientific backing.
• Only a single study suggested mixed impacts on pollinators based on their type and geographical setting.

Conclusion

The potential significant threats of anthropogenic EMR (both ALAN and AREMR) on insect pollinators and their ecological and human benefits are yet to be fully established. The available evidence is inconclusive, highlighting the need for further high-quality scientific research.