Assessment of protein and DNA polymorphisms in corn (Zea mays) under the effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation

Abstract

Overview

Significant interest has grown regarding the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on agricultural crops. This study investigates the genetic responses of corn (Zea mays) to EMR, focusing on protein and DNA changes.

Findings

• Genetic Analysis Techniques: Several bioassays such as sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes, and random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) were employed to assess changes in genetic material.
• Protein and Isozyme Changes: SDS-PAGE analysis revealed significant protein polymorphism (96.66%) comparing EMR exposed and non-exposed corn, which included changes in band number, type, and molecular weight (60.27 to 192.35 kDa).
• DNA Polymorphism and Damage: RAPD analysis showed high DNA polymorphism (90.91% to 100%) and the Comet Assay indicated substantial nuclear DNA damage with a 'tailed ratio' of 20% in EMR exposed corn, significantly higher than the control group (3%).

Conclusion

This study reveals that EMR exposure induces significant genotoxic stress in corn, evidenced by protein, isozyme, and DNA alterations. These findings are critical as they suggest potential adverse effects on the growth and yield of corn, impacting agricultural productivity.