Abstract

Overview

Invertebrates, crucial for ecosystem functionality, face significant threats from non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR). This abstract details the adverse effects of EMR on these organisms, which are essential components such as pollinators like honey bees.

Findings

• Sources of EMR include antennas, satellites, and power lines.
• Adverse effects like biochemical changes and disorientation in honey bees and other invertebrates are noted.
• Field studies indicate alterations in abundance and composition of key pollinator groups due to emission from telecommunication towers.
• A comprehensive review of biological impacts across various species is presented, offering insights into broader ecological ramifications.

Conclusion

The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications of increasing electromagnetic pollution, especially with the upcoming widespread implementation of 5G technology. It highlights significant gaps in our current knowledge and frames the critical questions that need addressing to safeguard environmental and public health.