Immune Responses to Multi-Frequencies of 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz Microwave Exposure in Rats: Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis

Abstract

Overview

The rapidly growing use of microwave technologies has raised significant concerns about potential health risks. Commonly used L band and C band microwaves, particularly at frequencies of 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz, are at the forefront of these concerns due to their widespread application in communications.

Methodology and Findings

This study investigated the immune responses of rats to single, dual (L10 and C10), and multi-frequency (LC10) microwave exposure at a power density of 10 mW/cm². Observations included:

• Slight pathological changes in the thymus and spleen were noted.
• Decreases in white blood cells and lymphocytes were seen at 6 hours and 7 days post-exposure, indicating an immune suppressive response.
• Differential effects on B lymphocytes (increase) and T lymphocytes (decrease) were recorded, particularly under multi-frequency exposure.

Conclusion

Exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves can lead to immune suppression by affecting the regulation of genes and proteins associated with immune regulation and cellular metabolism. Multi-frequency exposures appear to have a more pronounced effect, particularly in altering the gene expression related to T lymphocytes' development and B lymphocytes' activation. These findings are crucial for understanding the potential mechanisms through which microwave exposure could lead to health risks.