Health and environmental effects to wildlife from radio telemetry and tracking devices-state of the science and best management practices

Abstract

Overview

This paper discusses the potential health risks and benefits to tagged wildlife from the use of radio tracking, radio telemetry, and related microchip and data-logger technologies used to study, monitor, and track wildlife in their native habitats. It briefly addresses the use of such technologies in domestic pets, especially canids, due to their exposure to radio-tagging devices.

Technological Background

• Radio tracking utilizes very high frequency (VHF), ultra-high frequency (UHF), and global positioning system (GPS) technologies, including satellite-based tracking with platform terminal transmitters (PTTs).
• Other technologies discussed include geo-locating via satellites, radio-frequency identification (RFID) chips, and passive integrated responder (PIT) tags.

Findings

• Such tracking technologies have provided groundbreaking findings that advance the understanding and protection of myriad wildlife species.
• There are mounting concerns about negative physiological effects from electromagnetic fields (EMF), to which many nonhuman species are exquisitely sensitive. Additionally, direct placement, use, and attachment impacts from radio collars, transmitters, and implants may pose health risks.
• The review presents pertinent studies, compares current technologies, and offers best management practices for those considering or currently using such technologies.

Conclusion

The primary focus is on weighing health and environmental risk/benefit decisions, including ethical considerations. The paper recommends increased caution among wildlife and veterinary communities before deploying these technologies due to the documented and potential risks, especially from EMF exposure.