On the origin of the biological effects of time varying magnetic fields: quantitative insights

Authors: Ravikumar K, Roy Choudury AN, Dubey AK, Kumaran V, Basu B

Year: 2024 Jul 3

Category: Biophysics

Journal: J Mater Chem B

DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00362d

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38958687/

Abstract

Overview

Recent experimental studies from this research group have demonstrated that both static and pulsed magnetic fields can impact cell functionality, including the modulation of cell activity and antibacterial effects observed in vitro.

Findings

  • Two quantitative models are introduced to calculate magnetic Maxwell stresses and the pressure on the cell membrane produced by time-varying magnetic fields.
  • The model shows that the magnetic field-induced stress depends on the conductivity of the extracellular region, which is typically too low to produce significant biological effects.
  • More importantly, forces from the induced electric field are identified as having a greater impact on cell/bacterial membranes, potentially leading to membrane poration.
  • The study estimates the threshold field parameters needed to induce membrane rupture by referencing known critical membrane tensions for cells.
  • Based on theoretical and experimental results, the magnetic field exposure parameters can be classified into three regimes:
    • No effect on cells
    • Biophysical stimulation
    • Cell death due to membrane damage

Conclusion

This work offers quantitative insight into how magnetic fields influence biological systems, highlighting specific mechanisms and thresholds for potential health risks associated with membrane damage.

magnetic fields biological effects cell membrane Maxwell stress electric field membrane poration health risk
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