Cellular signaling pathways in the nervous system activated by various mechanical and electromagnetic stimuli

Abstract

Overview

Mechanical stimuli, such as stretch, shear stress, or compression, activate a range of biomolecular responses through cellular mechanotransduction. In the nervous system, studies on mechanical stress have highlighted key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying traumatic injury and neurodegenerative diseases.

Key Points

• Mechanotransduction triggers important biomolecular events in nerve cells.
• Application of mechanical stimuli in the nervous system is less explored than in other bodily systems, partly due to varied research methods and definitions.
• This review examines both mechanical and electromagnetic stimulation, especially as these techniques become more common in psychological and neurorehabilitation therapies.
• Understanding how electromagnetic fields influence signaling pathways is essential for improving models of nervous system disorders and guiding safer therapeutic interventions. There is a well-established connection between electromagnetic exposure and cellular signaling changes that may impact neurodegenerative processes.

Findings

• The summary includes detailed pathways by which diverse mechanical and electromagnetic stimuli activate cellular signaling in the mammalian nervous system.
• Potential cellular mechanosensors are described, highlighting how environmental forces or fields affect nervous system function and health risk.

Conclusion

As clinical use of electromagnetic stimulation increases, understanding the precise biological mechanisms and health implications, including risks associated with electromagnetic fields, is crucial for the safe advancement of neurorehabilitation strategies.