Dual Evaluation and Spatial Analysis of RF-EMF Exposure in 5G: Theoretical Extrapolations and Direct Measurements

Abstract

Overview

This study rigorously evaluates radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure from 5G networks using a comprehensive dual approach, combining both theoretical extrapolations and direct measurements. The investigation covers diverse semiurban and urban environments, with a focused case study conducted on the campus of the Polytechnic University of Valencia.

Methodology

• Personal exposimeters were deployed under active 5G network traffic conditions to gather real-world exposure data.
• A code-selective measurement system utilizing an R&S TSME6 scanner collected essential network parameters, including cell ID and beam indices, across 16 representative campus points.
• Maximum theoretical exposure levels were calculated based on detailed analysis of 5G signals.
• Kriging interpolation with ArcGIS was used for precise spatial visualization of RF-EMF distribution, resulting in comprehensive exposure maps.

Findings

• Both extrapolated theoretical values and directly measured RF-EMF levels were found to align with the recommended limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
• This alignment remained consistent even under high network data demand scenarios, supporting safety assessments of current 5G infrastructure.
• There was a strong correlation between theoretical and instantaneous field exposures, validating the efficacy of the methodology used in the study.

Conclusion

The study provides a solid, validated framework for future RF-EMF exposure assessments in evolving telecommunications environments. It emphasizes the necessity of continuous monitoring to safeguard public health during the ongoing deployment of new wireless infrastructure, including 5G networks.