Simplified Assessment Method for Population RF Exposure Induced by a 4G Network

Abstract

Overview

This article presents a simplified method to evaluate global population exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF), specifically induced by a 4G network. This method utilizes surrogate modeling, focusing on both uplink and downlink emissions in urban settings.

Findings

• The study first time characterizes the uncertainties of RF-EMF exposure for an entire population. This is done considering variability linked to the urban propagation environment, information and communication technology usage, and EMF from personal wireless devices and Evolved Node B (eNB).
• Evaluations demonstrate that 4G RF-EMF exposure follows a Generalized Extreme Value distribution with an average value significant enough to warrant monitoring and further research.
• Contrary to 3G, where exposure is mainly from uplink radio emissions, this study discovers that in 4G networks, significant exposure also stems from received power density from eNBs.
• The uplink exposure from mobile devices constitutes only 25% of total exposure due to high-speed uplink throughputs.
• A sensitivity analysis assesses the influence of various parameters on RF-EMF exposure, emphasizing the importance of managing and controlling these parameters to minimize health risks.

Conclusion

The study provides critical insights into the factors influencing RF-EMF exposure in urban environments with 4G networks, highlighting the potential health implications and the need for enhanced regulatory measures.