The Effect of Prenatal Exposure to 2.4 GHz Radio Frequency on the Histology and Expression of the osteocalcin and RUNX2 Gene of the Forelimb in an NMRI Mouse

Authors: Amandokht Saghezchi S, Azad N, Heidari R, Jajarmi V, Abdi S, Abaszadeh HA, Sadjadpour SS, Neikoei N, Heidari MH, Abdollahifar MA

Year: 2019

Category: Radiobiology

Journal: J Lasers Med Sci

DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.46

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6885904/

Abstract

Overview

With the increasing use of electromagnetic waves in modern society, this study investigates the impact of prenatal exposure to 2.4 GHz wireless frequency on forelimb development in an NMRI mouse.

Methods

  • Study Group: 21 female mice divided into control, sham, and experimental groups.
  • Exposure: Experimental mice were exposed to 2.4 GHz radio frequency, 4 hours per day, near the device.
  • Assessment: Post-birth, forelimbs were analyzed for bone/cartilage volume and gene expression via stereological studies and RT-PCR.

Findings

Initial examinations revealed no visible defects; however, deeper investigation showed:

  • Reduced bone and cartilage volume in experimentally exposed mice compared to control and sham groups.
  • Lower expression of the osteocalcin and RUNX2 genes in the experimental group.

Conclusion

While no direct teratogenic effects were observed on a macroscopic level, the study indicates negative effects on forelimb development at the molecular and structural levels due to prenatal exposure to 2.4 GHz radio frequency.

electromagnetic fields prenatal exposure 2.4 GHz osteocalcin RUNX2 NMRI mouse radiobiology
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