The Effect of an Anthropogenic Magnetic Field on the Early Developmental Stages of Fishes-A Review

Abstract

Overview

The study reviews increasing anthropogenic magnetic and electromagnetic field sources in aquatic environments, stemming from various underwater facilities, industrial equipment, and transferring devices, and their impacts on fish.

Findings

• Anthropogenic magnetic fields significantly affect multiple stages of fish life, particularly during early developmental stages.
• Effects observed are species-specific and vary based on field strength and exposure duration.
• Reviewed impacts include changes to embryogenesis processes such as:
  • Survival and size of embryos
  • Embryonic motor functions and pigment cell changes
  • Respiration, hatching patterns, and directional responses
• There's a pronounced influence on sperm motility and egg activation, highlighting both potentially positive effects (e.g., extended sperm activation) and adverse outcomes (e.g., developmental disturbances in heart rate and inner ear organs).

Conclusion

The study underscores the complex impact of anthropogenic magnetic fields on aquatic life, necessitating further thorough investigations to fully understand their biological implications, particularly those that pose health risks.