Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the bio-electromagnetic effects on the human head when exposed to various operational frequencies from three types of mobile phone antennas. The research focuses on dual-band PIFA, patch, and dual-band millimeter-wave antennas across different frequency bands.

Methodology

The analysis utilizes a three-layer ball head model representing the human head, with simulations conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The study evaluates specific absorption rate (SAR), absorbed power density (Sab), and temperature rise within the head model.

Findings

• The maximum SAR recorded at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies are 1.41 W/kg and 4.4 W/kg, respectively.
• Millimeter-wave antennas display significantly higher radiation energy absorption compared to microwave antennas.
• Despite high absorption rates, all measured values remain below international safety limits.

Conclusion

The findings highlight potential health risks associated with mobile phone use, especially from millimeter-wave antennas which have higher radiation energy levels. Although the absorbed doses are below legal limits, continuous monitoring and further research are crucial to ensure public safety.