Progress in the study of the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the mood and rhythm (review)

Abstract

Overview

The rapid proliferation and use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems worldwide have resulted in unprecedented exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR). These sources include mobile telephones, power stations, transmission lines, radar, microwave ovens, televisions, refrigerators, medical devices, and more. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

Findings

• Research demonstrates that both short-term and long-term exposure to EMR can result in various adverse effects such as anxiety, depression, decreased learning ability, memory loss, and sleep rhythm disorders.
• Sleep rhythm disorders are prevalent globally and may contribute to or exacerbate psychiatric conditions like anxiety and depression.
• This review summarizes important experiments, focusing particularly on animal and cellular models, regarding the impact of electric field exposure on mood and rhythms over the past decade.
• Findings from animal studies suggest EMR may disrupt the physiological organization and function of the brain, alter neurotransmitter and receptor activity, interfere with neuronal formation and structure, and impact endocrine hormones and free radicals. These changes may contribute to the onset or worsening of psychiatric and sleep rhythm disorders.

Conclusion

The current body of research signals a connection between EMR exposure and adverse effects on mood and circadian rhythms, though our understanding remains limited. Most studies have focused on frequency bands common to power lines and wireless communication, and the biological effects of other frequencies or complex EM environments are underexplored. Further research is urgently needed to clarify mechanisms and inform protective strategies for sleep and mood-related disorders resulting from EMR exposure.

Plain Language Summary

This review highlights recent advances in understanding how electromagnetic radiation impacts body mood and rhythm, and discusses underlying mechanisms. Important work has investigated roles of neurotransmitters, neurons, hormones, and free radicals. Many studies have not fully addressed thermal effects or examined less common EM frequencies. Greater research efforts are required to fill gaps in our understanding of EMR’s health impacts.