Impact of mobile phone-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on parotid gland function: A comprehensive study

Authors: Jacob RA, Jose M, Pai VR, Kalal BS

Year: 2025

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine

Institution: University campus (specific institution not provided)

DOI: 10.1177/09246479251342488

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09246479251342488

Abstract

Overview

The rapid proliferation of mobile technology has intensified debates on the potential adverse effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (NIER) from mobile phones on various human organs and cells. This comprehensive study aimed to evaluate the impact of mobile phone-emitted NIER on parotid gland function.

Methodology

  • Cross-sectional study with 104 student volunteers from a University campus.
  • Participants were categorized based on their mobile phone usage and exposure duration.
  • Saliva samples were collected from the dominant (test) and non-dominant (control) sides.
  • Key metrics measured: salivary flow rate, pH, albumin, Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA), and IMA/albumin ratio (IMAR).
  • Data analysis using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD multiple comparisons, with p = 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Findings

  • Salivary flow rate and pH were higher on both sides in all groups, correlating with increased mobile phone usage duration.
  • Albumin levels were lower on the dominant side but increased with longer mobile phone use.
  • Salivary IMA and IMAR were higher on the dominant side in subjects using mobile phones for ≤3 years compared to those using them for >3 years.

Conclusion

Consistent exposure to NIER and the heat generated by mobile phones adversely affects parotid gland function, as indicated by increased salivary flow rate, pH, and altered levels of albumin, IMA, and IMAR. There is a health risk associated with NIER exposure to the parotid gland. Public health recommendations should encourage reducing long-duration conversations and using earphones to minimize NIER exposure. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of NIER on parotid gland function.

mobile phones non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation parotid gland salivary function NIER exposure health risk public health
← Back to Stats