Abstract

Abstract Summary

Overview

This study introduces a model for time-averaged realistic maximum power levels geared towards assessing radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from 5G radio base stations employing massive MIMO technology. It aligns with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards for RF EMF exposure.

Methodology

The model utilizes a statistical approach accounting for various factors such as base station utilization, scheduling times, and the spatial distribution of users. This model aims to offer a conservative assessment covering 95% of possible downlink exposure scenarios.

Findings

• In practical scenarios for expected 5G RBS products, the highest power levels are significantly lower than theoretical maxima — less than 15%.
• Reduction in RF EMF limit compliance distance by approximately 2.6 times for far-field exposure scenarios.
• Detailed results presented for antenna arrays of different sizes and configurations including beamforming effects.

Conclusion

The presented model provides crucial insights and supports the standardization of RF EMF exposure assessments near radio base stations, potentially influencing future 5G installation regulations to consider EMF exposure risks more effectively.