Abstract

Overview

Incident power density functions as a crucial dosimetric quantity for regulating human exposure to electromagnetic fields, specifically at frequencies exceeding 3 or 10 GHz. The primary aim is to avert excessive temperature increases at the body surface.

Findings

• The study employed a multi-layer model mimicking a human body for computational assessment.
• Three wave sources were analyzed across a frequency spectrum of 3 to 300 GHz: an ideal beam, a half-wave dipole antenna, and an antenna array.
• A notable discovery was that a 20 mm × 20 mm averaging area provides an accurate correlation with local peak temperature increases, under conditions of nearly uniform field distribution within this area.
• This specified sizing contrasts with those recommended by current international standards, and interestingly, was found to be independent of frequency.
• For non-uniform field distributions like small-diameter beams, the incident power density needs modification through a factor derived from the beam area to averaging area ratio.

Conclusion

The relationship derived using a one-dimensional approximation in this study illustrates a viable methodology for correlating incident power density with local temperature rise, emphasizing the potential health risks linked with incorrect exposure limits.