Intercomparisons of computed epithelial/absorbed power density & temperature rise in anatomical human face models under localized exposures at 10 & 30 GHz

Authors: Li K, Kodera S, Poljak D, Prokop A, Diao Y, Zhang S, Yao M, Li C, Wu T, Liebig T, Simon W, Škiljo M, Hirata A

Year: 2025 Dec 15

Category: Bioelectromagnetics, Dosimetry Study

Journal: Phys Med Biol

Institution: IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 95 Subcommittee 6 Working Group 5 (multi-institutional)

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae2ce1

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41397352/

Abstract

Overview

Objective: Epithelial/absorbed power density (EPD/APD) was recently introduced in the latest revision of international exposure guidelines as a dosimetric quantity associated with body surface temperature rise. To provide insight into their relationship, the intercomparison was organized by the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 95 Subcommittee 6 Working Group 5 and carried out by an international task force comprising eight governmental, academic, and industrial research institutions.

Approach

  • EPD/APD was evaluated for exposure from the antenna in proximity to human face models.
  • Two high-resolution anatomical face models were used for comparison, extracted from anatomical whole-body models with refined resolution to ensure computational accuracy at 10 GHz and 30 GHz.
  • Participants were encouraged to use consistent computational conditions, such as the human model, antenna type and position, and frequency, though averaging methods of EPD/APD and computational tools were not standardized.

Findings

  • Results suggest that with appropriate averaging, spatially averaged APD and temperature rise in realistic human face models are statistically correlated.
  • Power absorption focality due to antenna type had a greater influence on variability than averaging methods or anatomical model differences.
  • Deviation due to methodology was generally small compared to variability introduced by source/exposure configuration.

Conclusion

  • Antenna type/configuration is the dominant factor influencing dosimetric intercomparison outcomes.
  • The findings support refinements in standard evaluation procedures and the development of measurement equipment for compliance assessments in millimeter-wave frequencies.
  • Importantly, the results provide evidence supporting international exposure guidelines and highlight the need for reduction factors to enhance population-level EMF protection, given the established correlation between surface power density and induced temperature rise.
epithelial power density absorbed power density temperature rise millimeter-wave exposure human face model IEEE standards EMF safety
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