Residential exposure to magnetic fields from transformer stations and risk of childhood leukemia

Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the potential link between childhood leukemia and exposure to magnetic fields from nearby transformer stations in residential areas. Such exposures are an environmental concern that may pose health risks, specifically in pediatric populations.

Background

Evidence from several studies has indicated an increased risk of leukemia in children exposed to magnetic fields, with suggestions of a dose-response relationship. Nonetheless, there exist inconsistencies across different studies, underscoring the need for further research into various exposure sources.

Methods

• The research was structured as a population-based case-control study in the Northern Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
• Included were 182 registry-based cases of childhood leukemia diagnosed from 1998-2019 and 726 age, sex, and province-matched population controls.
• Exposure assessment involved the calculation of the distance from children's residences to nearby transformer stations. Disease odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Findings

Analysis revealed that proximity (within 15m and 25m) to transformer stations did not significantly correlate with higher leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk in the general child population. However, a potentially increased risk was identified for children aged ≥5 years, though the precision was constrained by low exposure rates.

Conclusion

The study found no overall significant correlation between residential proximity to transformer stations and the risk of childhood leukemia. Nonetheless, there exists some evidence suggesting an elevated risk among older children. These findings prompt further investigation into this potential health risk.