Abstract

Overview

Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFs) is ubiquitous worldwide. This study focuses on the environmental impact of 50 Hz magnetic fields around urban transformer stations (TSs) in Silla, Spain.

Findings

• An average ELF magnetic field (ELF-MF) of around 0.1 μT is typically measured in developed homes globally.
• There is considerable concern about electromagnetic field exposure near high- and medium-voltage wiring and TSs, particularly those located inside residential areas in Spain.
• This study represents the first systematic campaign to measure ELF-MF from TSs in a Spanish city, with multiple measurements made in residential rooms near TSs.
• Spatial averages of grid measurements were made in beds and bedrooms, leading to the creation of a weighted average and an environmental impact indicator for each location.
• Approximately one quarter of residents living near TSs are exposed to a weighted MF level greater than 0.3 μT. Furthermore, about 10% of these cannot relocate to lower exposure areas.

Conclusion

This study highlights significant exposure levels to ELF-MFs in residential areas close to TSs, reinforcing the need for regulatory review and potential restructuring of urban TS placements to mitigate health risks.