Abstract

Overview

This research investigates the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) at 50 Hz on key immune parameters in rats.

Findings

• The study focused on serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), important cytokines for Th17 and Treg cells in the immune system.
• The impact of ELF-EMF exposure was also observed on transcription factors in thymus and spleen, particularly retinoid-related orphan receptor γT and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), which are critical for the lineage determination of Th17 and Treg cells.
• Groups of rats were exposed to varying intensities of magnetic flux (1, 100, 500, and 2,000 μT) and compared to a control group. Notably, a significant decrease in thymus weight and serum cytokine levels was seen at higher exposure intensities (2,000 μT).
• Moreover, at the lower intensities of 1 and 100 μT, both the levels of IL-17 and TGF-β in serum and Foxp3 expression were significantly reduced.

Conclusion

This study highlights significant immunological changes due to exposure to ELF EMFs, suggesting potential health risks, particularly in immune system regulation involving IL-17, TGF-β, and Foxp3.