Abstract

Abstract Summary

Overview

This study focuses on the electromagnetic dosimetry associated with smart-watches and the compliance testing standards using a flat phantom versus anatomical human-body models to estimate the specific absorption rate (SAR).

Methodology

The study utilizes a finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to numerically calculate the SAR for different models including a flat phantom and four anatomical human-body models. Smart-watch models operated with three types of antennas across various frequencies.

Findings

• Comparison of SAR values between a flat phantom and human-body models showcased inconsistent results, indicating the flat phantom often does not provide a conservative estimate.
• Differences in results stipulated by diverse shapes and tissue structures of phantoms.
• Implementation of a multiplication factor between 1.1 and 2.6 can aid in achieving more conservative estimates for limb-worn devices.

Conclusion

The study concludes that current standard testing using flat phantoms may underrepresent SAR levels in realistic human-body conditions. An adjustment in methodologies is suggested to better safeguard health against potential risks from electromagnetic fields emitted by smart-watches.