Abstract

Overview

This study focuses on the assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) exposure in the context of 5G networks, specifically examining areas around base stations.

Findings

• Recent measurements around commercial 5G networks with massive MIMO base stations in the 3.5GHz band show that the 5G contribution to total environmental RF EMF exposure is less than 10%.
• The maximum exposure levels from these stations are significantly below international limits—150 to 200 times lower.

Conclusion

5G networks utilize high spectrum efficiency and advanced antenna technologies resulting in lower RF EMF exposure than previous mobile networks. Compliance with RF EMF safety standards is maintained, with international guidelines reflecting conservative limits based on recent scientific research. Although the dynamic nature of massive MIMO beam steering poses certain challenges, available technologies ensure accurate compliance assessments. Overall, environmental exposure remains minimal with the rollout of 5G.