Abstract

Overview

This study focuses on the microwave chemical risks associated with physical filters in sunscreens, primarily against the backdrop of increasing microwave (radio wave) pollution, often termed electronic smog.

Findings

• Evaluation of silica-coated ZnO and TiO2 in sunscreens under UV and microwave radiation.
• Investigation of photocatalytic activity by assessing degradation of rhodamine B dye and DNA plasmid damage.
• Enhanced photocatalytic activity observed under simultaneous exposure to UV and microwave radiation, leading to cell death.

Conclusion

The study underscores the potential health risks from sunscreen nanoparticles when exposed to environmental microwave radiation. It highlights the uptake by skin cells under combined UV and microwave radiation, posing an increased risk to human health due to accelerated photocatalytic reactions, consequent DNA damage, and higher cellular uptake of metal oxides.