Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

Authors: Rathebe PC, Kholopo M

Year: 2025 Aug 7

Category: Instrumentation and Measurement

Journal: Sensors (Basel)

DOI: 10.3390/s25154866

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4866

Abstract

Overview

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation and selection framework for extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) measurement instruments.

Recognizing the diversity of application environments and technical constraints, the framework addresses the challenges of selecting appropriate tools for specific scenarios. It integrates a structured, quantitative approach through a weighted scoring matrix that evaluates instrumentation across six criteria:

  • Monitoring duration
  • Sensitivity
  • Environmental adaptability
  • Biological/regulatory relevance
  • Usability
  • Cost

Findings

Complementing this is a logic-based flowchart that visually guides decision-making based on user-defined operational needs. The framework is applied to a realistic occupational case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing evidence-based, scenario-sensitive instrument recommendations.

Conclusion

This method provides stakeholders with a transparent and adaptable tool for ELF-EMF device selection, an important step in occupational safety and public health, especially given the connection between electromagnetic fields and potential health risks.

ELF-EMF measurement occupational exposure instrument selection health risk regulatory compliance weighted scoring matrix
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